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Charles Dickens
1843
Ebenezer Scrooge
A novella
Five
Fifteen shillings
Tiny Tim
Bah! Humbug!
One o'clock
Jacob Marley
Seven years
Chains forged from cash boxes and ledgers
Fred
Nephew
A counting house (money lending)
In chambers that once belonged to Marley
A child-like figure with a bright light emanating from its head
His younger self enjoying a Christmas party
Belle
Because he valued money more than love
A green robe trimmed with fur
Bob Cratchit's family celebrating Christmas
An unspecified illness (possibly rickets or tuberculosis)
God bless us, every one!
Blind man's buff
Two children named Ignorance and Want
Beware this boy, for on his brow I see that written which is Doom
A phantom in a black hooded robe
His own death
At Old Joe's shop
Ebenezer Scrooge
Honor Christmas in his heart
A turkey
A large amount (whispered to the gentleman)
A raise in salary
Redemption
Child poverty and poor working conditions
Hope and goodness
The burden of greed and selfishness
Allegory
They represent past
Cold capitalism and lack of humanity
Winter
Death
Cold weather mirrors Scrooge's cold heart
It represents generosity
A good employer who cares for his workers
Lost love and the consequences of greed
The working poor
Love and contentment despite poverty
Simile
Secret, and self-contained, and solitary as an oyster
His lack of compassion for the poor
We create our own punishment through our actions
He profits from a Christian society but rejects Christian values
Memory and enlightenment
He wants to forget painful memories
That people can be happy without wealth
It shows the consequences of Scrooge's greed
The reader knows whose grave Scrooge is looking at before he does
That social change is possible
The Industrial Revolution and urban poverty
It created workhouses for the destitute
Scrooge suggests the poor should go there instead of asking for charity
Malthusian economic theory about overpopulation
Charity
It mirrors the structure of a Christmas carol
Phrases like "Bah! Humbug!" emphasize character traits
It allows insight into all characters' thoughts and motivations
Through showing his loyalty despite poor treatment
People can change if they recognize their faults
It represents rebirth and new beginnings
His father was imprisoned for debt
To create a framework for Scrooge's moral education
Social inequality in Victorian England
To show the difference between abundance and want
Scrooge suggests miserliness and "Ebenezer" means "stone of help"
Scrooge's guilt manifesting
Through the warmth of the Cratchit and Fred's families
That wealth should be used to help others
From harsh and dismissive to warm and generous
The passing of time and missed opportunities
Death cannot be reasoned with or bargained with
The consequences of selfishness
It begins and ends on Christmas
It shows his genuine joy and humanity returning
Past (memory)
Innocence and the vulnerability of the poor
It exposes the harsh realities of industrial capitalism
His greed in life has bound him in death
The Ghost of Christmas Past forces Scrooge to confront his choices
That love cannot survive without emotional warmth
By showing the joy and generosity associated with the season
It shows the power of unconditional love
Indoors represents warmth and community
It's never too late to change and make amends
It creates a focused
Through Tiny Tim's illness and the family's poverty
The social problems that result from neglecting the poor
It helped establish many modern Christmas customs
True change comes from internal transformation
Through contrasting the joy of poor families with Scrooge's misery
They have a duty to help the less fortunate
From rejection to acceptance and love
That isolation leads to spiritual death
Scrooge's transformation suggests society can change too
That his change of heart is genuine and complete
Its themes of social responsibility and compassion are timeless
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